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In most divorces in Canada, the parents come to an agreement on child arrangements without going to court. Meanwhile, when divorce involves allegations of domestic assault, the courts need to analyze the evidence to make grounded decisions based on the best interests of the child in Ontario.
In this article, we review the basics of emotional abuse law in Ontario, explore how family law and criminal law treat family aggression and discuss how domestic violence affects custody.
In the Canadian Criminal Code (Criminal Code of Canada – s. 718.2(a)(ii)), intimate partner violence is an aggravated criminal offence which involves the application of force or threats against the other person without their consent. Meanwhile, Canada’s Divorce Act defines family violence even broader as “any conduct which constitutes a pattern of coercive or controlling behaviour.”
In child custody and access disputes, Ontario’s Family Law prioritizes the best interest of minors as the key consideration. The legislation is based on two main pillars, including the federal Divorce Act and Ontario’s Children’s Law Reform Act. These regulations oblige the judges to give primary consideration to a child’s well-being and safety when deciding upon parenting time and family violence matters, access decisions, or considering visitation arrangements, including temporary custody agreements in Ontario.
The allegations of abuse may arise either before, during, or after divorce or separation, with different consequences for child custody disputes. When the victim reports family violence to the police while the couple is still living together, in most cases, the police will most likely arrest the abusive partner and remove them from the family home, resulting in disruption of their parenting.
In many cases, such disclosure is followed by victims seeking means of legal protection for children, including:
In existing court practice, the judges consider coercive control as a form of family violence, even in the absence of physical harm. For example, in M.H.S. v. M.R. (2021 ONCJ 665), the court found that one of the spouses had committed family violence against the other and their children by acting in a controlling and coercive manner, which involved emotional, psychological and financial violence.
When evaluating evidence and safety concerns, the court must consider the credibility of the allegations. While the alleging party needs to substantiate the claim, in domestic violence cases, the family courts allow the civil standard of proof, accepting evidence that has more weight and probability.
In cases involving family violence, the court will decide upon a custody arrangement that would ensure children’s well-being and safety. These arrangements can include:
| Schedule Type | Description | When It’s Used |
|---|---|---|
| 2-2-3 Schedule | The child spends 2 days with each parent, then 3 days with the first. | Common for toddlers or young children. |
| 2-2-5 Schedule | 2 days each, then 5 days alternating. | Provides routine with longer stays. |
| 60/40 Custody Split | One parent has 60%, the other 40% of the time. | Suitable if one parent travels often. |
| Step-Up Parenting Plan | Gradual increase in time for one parent. | For reintroduction after separation. |
In domestic situations, family violence most often takes place behind closed doors. In these scenarios, the credibility of the party raising the allegation is among the most critical factors for the court’s analysis of the evidence and the outcome of the case.
When courts review allegations of family violence, the judges account for various forms of evidence which can substantiate the claims. Such evidence can include:
While the presence of domestic violence can be one of the most significant factors in deciding on child custody and abuse allegations, it can also have repercussions for the division of property and spousal support.
In Ontario, generally, property acquired during marriage is split equally between the spouses. However, if one of the spouses committed domestic violence, the court may consider this as a factor in determining asset distribution or spousal support, for example, by accounting for financial hardships caused through coercive control.
In many situations involving domestic violence, the allegations can be conflicting or even self-serving. These cases may lead to investigations into the credibility of the party raising the allegations and the nature of the claim.
If the police or the CPS are involved, the allegations of family violence will be most often considered by the criminal court. The criminal procedure requires “proof beyond a reasonable doubt,” which necessitates a much higher standard of evidence and calls for the involvement of experienced criminal lawyers to prevent legal risks arising out of false claims.
In cases involving domestic violence with a child present, the defendant faces significant consequences, including impact on property division during divorce and custodial rights.
Hiring a domestic assault lawyer in Toronto can ensure effective legal representation in both family and criminal proceedings. An experienced Toronto divorce lawyer can help establish facts of significance and substantiate or refute allegations, which can make a significant difference in child custody and visitation decisions in domestic violence cases.
Toronto and the GTA offer multiple resources to those going through domestic violence cases, which include:
The divorce proceedings and disputes over child custody involving family violence can be heated, which can prompt impulsive action, potentially leading to negative consequences. Retaining a domestic assault lawyer in Toronto early in the process can help navigate the legal system, avoid common pitfalls, and achieve the most favourable outcomes under the circumstances.
“In custody disputes involving violence, early legal intervention is critical to protect both parental rights and the child’s well-being.”
— Igor Vilkhov, Criminal Defence Lawyer
At Vilkhov Law, our legal team can assist with questions on how to file a restraining order in Toronto, how to win sole custody in Ontario and handle multiple other situations related to domestic assault and child custody cases. Whether you fall victim to domestic abuse or face accusations of family violence in Scarborough, Newmarket or anywhere else in the GTA or Ontario, please don’t hesitate to reach out to our Barrie criminal lawyer for a free consultation on how we can help in your situation.
Yes. Under emotional abuse Ontario law, repeated coercive or controlling behaviour may be considered family violence. If proven, it can lead to supervised visitation or loss of custody.
Family courts prioritize the best interests of the child. If there’s evidence of domestic violence, courts may limit or supervise the abusive parent’s access.
Access decisions determine how much parenting time each parent gets and under what conditions, especially in cases involving domestic assault and child custody.
Courts accept police reports, medical records, digital communications, and witness statements. The standard is a balance of probabilities, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Yes. Courts take false or malicious claims seriously. Making baseless allegations may hurt credibility and reduce the accusing parent’s access or decision-making rights.
In domestic violence cases, courts may order supervised visitation to protect the child while allowing limited contact with the parent accused of abuse.
