Robbery

Robbery is a violent offence. It carries with it the possibility of life imprisonment. Given its serious nature, you should consider hiring a lawyer that can confidently defend you in court.

What is robbery?

In general terms, robbery entails a theft involving violence, the threat of violence, and/or a weapon. Under Section 343 of the Criminal Code of Canada, robbery can be committed in four different ways. A person commits robbery if they: (a) use violence or the threat of it in order to steal; (b) steal and wound, beat, strike, or use personal violence (before or after stealing); (c) assault a person with the intent to steal; and (d) steal while armed with a weapon or imitation weapon.

What is the difference between theft and robbery?

As mentioned above, robbery is essentially elevated theft. It still involves the accused stealing, but it has the added element of violence in various forms. For a theft charge, the Crown simply needs to prove that you took or intended to take something that did not belong to you without the consent of the owner.

What does “threat of violence” entail?

The threat of violence can include any action that makes the complainant reasonably believe that they will be injured if they do not comply. The court will look at things, such as the words the accused used and the gestures they made in an effort to threaten violence. If the words and gestures create a feeling of fear and apprehension for the complainant, that may be enough.

Arrest and bail:

When you are arrested, officers must tell you of your right to counsel. This right allows you to speak to and retain a lawyer following arrest. It is always a good idea to exercise this right and obtain legal advice before speaking to police.

Due to the violent nature of robbery, you will likely be held for bail. You will be brought in front of a judicial official within 24 hours of your arrest. Not only will a lawyer tell you what to do and what not to do when interacting with police, they can also start working on your release if you are being held in custody.

A lawyer can speak to the Crown about what is required to secure your release and can propose a bail plan. The plan often involves one or more people called “sureties.” A surety is someone you know who agrees to take responsibility for your release into the community. They pledge to pay a certain amount of money if you do not follow your conditions of release. Being a surety is a huge responsibility, and a lawyer can explain their role and adequately prepare them for court.

Everyone has a constitutional right to reasonable bail with respect to the amount of money sureties pledge and the conditions imposed on you. Reasonableness also includes the fact that you should not be denied bail without “just cause.”

The Crown may consent to your release based on the plan. If they have concerns about the plan, the circumstances of the robbery, your chance of reoffending, your ability to follow conditions (especially if you have breached bail before), et cetera, they may contest your bail. If the robbery was particularly violent or involved a weapon, they will contest your bail. A contested bail results in a bail hearing (also known as a “show cause” hearing). In line with the principles of reasonable bail, the Crown must “show cause” as to why it is in society’s best interest for you to be detained—although there are certain circumstances that require the accused to demonstrate why their detention is not justified. For example, if the robbery involved a firearm, you will need to show why you should be released.

There are three grounds of detention upon which you can be denied bail. The Crown will state on which grounds they are seeking detention, which consider:

• • Whether you are a flight risk (primary ground);
  • Whether you pose a threat to the public (secondary ground); and
  • Whether your detention is required to maintain confidence in the administration of justice (for example, due to the seriousness of the allegations and/or the strength of the Crown’s case) (tertiary ground).

The court will look at factors, such as your ties to the community, your personal situation (including the presence of a criminal record), the offence itself, and the strength of a proposed bail plan and adequacy of sureties, when considering these grounds.

As part of considering your release, the court will determine whether conditions should be imposed and what they should be to mitigate concerns, such as ensuring that you attend court and do not commit any further offences. These bail conditions can be stringent and restrictive and may include, but are not limited to:

• • Supervision through sureties;
  • Curfews or house arrest, including ankle monitoring;
  • Refraining from use of drugs and alcohol;
  • Mandatory counselling;
  • No contact with certain individuals, such as the victim; and/or
  • Restrictions on where you can travel and who you can visit.

If you are denied bail, you will remain in custody until your trial or resolution, although it is possible to ask for a bail review at the Superior Court. Obtaining bail, especially for violent offences, can be an uphill battle. Hiring a lawyer maximizes your chances of being chances.

It is important to recognize that breaching the terms of your bail conditions can result in further charges against you and the revocation of your bail.

Awaiting trial:

Once a bail hearing is conducted, a lawyer can start preparing a successful defence for your case.

A lawyer will ask the Crown for the disclosure of all relevant evidence against you. The Crown is obligated to disclose evidence about your case to your lawyer, regardless of whether or not that evidence will be used by the Crown in court. This disclosure is a fundamental feature of our criminal justice system. It helps to ensure that you have a fair trial and that you have the information needed to provide a full answer and defence. Having a lawyer by your side can be an advantage, as there are certain items of disclosure that the Crown will only release to counsel. If you do not have a lawyer, you may have to make arrangements with the Crown to review this evidence, which can be extremely time-consuming.

In some cases, disclosure can include hundreds (and sometimes thousands) of pages of documents, as well as hours of police interviews and surveillance footage. A lawyer will review these documents and can use them to effectively advocate for you.

A lawyer will then take steps to move the case along. Once disclosure is reviewed, a Crown pre-trial (CPT) is typically scheduled. The CPT allows the defence and the Crown to discuss issues in the case, as well as the Crown’s position. The CPT can be a springboard for further discussions and negotiations with the Crown. Depending on the case and how it proceeds, a judicial pre-trial (JPT) may also take place. The JPT allows a judge to weigh in and provide guidance in a more informal setting.

If you have retained a lawyer, you will not be present at the CPT or JPT. A lawyer’s expertise and experience can be invaluable at this stage. If you do not retain a lawyer, you most likely will have more difficulty speaking to the Crown, and your JPT will take place in open court instead of the judge’s chambers. You will be responsible for advocating for yourself, which can be an unnecessary stress added to an already challenging experience.

There can be a number of court appearances before a case is set down for trial or resolved. A lawyer can explain the purpose of these appearances and even appear on your behalf, so you have one less thing to worry about.

If the case goes to trial, there will come a time when you will be asked to make an election regarding your mode of trial. You will have the option of being tried by a provincial court judge, a judge alone in the Superior Court, or a judge and jury in the Superior Court. Since robbery carries with it a possible sentence of more than 14 years in prison, you will also be entitled to a preliminary inquiry, which is a sort of mini-trial that determines whether there is sufficient evidence to even hold a trial on the charges. If the judge finds that there is not sufficient evidence, then you will be discharged. Making your election and having a preliminary inquiry are strategic decisions. You will no doubt benefit from the support of a lawyer advising and guiding you through this lengthy and complicated process.

Consequences if found guilty:

Due to their violent nature, robbery is a “straight indictable” offence. The Crown must proceed by indictment, and you could face a sentence of life imprisonment. There are also mandatory minimum sentences depending on whether a firearm was used, the type of firearm, and the context in which it was used.

In addition, you will be subject to a weapons prohibition order. There is also a DNA order involved, where your DNA is kept in a national database by the RCMP. If you can demonstrate that the impact on your privacy and security of the person is grossly disproportionate to the public interest, then the judge may not make the order. That being said, due to the seriousness of the offence, it is very hard to successfully make this claim.

A lawyer can help you understand the potential ramifications of conviction. Moreover, they can vigorously defend your case to obtain the best possible outcome in the circumstances.

It’s vital to hire a lawyer

Being charged with a criminal offence, such as robbery, is a stressful and tolling experience. It is important to seek professional advice from a lawyer about your rights from the beginning.

A lawyer can also do much more. They can:

• Work to secure your release with the most favourable conditions;
• Help you navigate the criminal justice system;
• Ensure that the Crown meets its disclosure obligations;
• Identify systematic or administrative errors in the criminal process, including Charter rights violations;
• Speak to the Crown on your behalf, negotiate, and advise you of your options;
• Assess all the evidence against you and build a strong defence, so the charges are withdrawn or you are acquitted;
• Gather further evidence to support your version of the events and to question the complainant’s reliability and credibility;
• Obtain a more lenient sentence in the event a guilty plea or conviction is entered.

All criminal cases are complex and fact specific. We have provided general information about how robbery cases are handled. Hiring a lawyer provides your best chance at mounting a successful defence. For more information about how we can help, please contact our team.